3.1 Results. Means and standard deviation of the variables examined in the present study are presented in Table 1.The results of the data showed that the mean of cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety scores at three different times (one week, one day and one hour prior to the competition) were higher in individual sports athletes compared to team sports athletes. Find link. language: Jarvis, M. (2006). Sport Psychology: A Student's Handbook. Routledge. East Sussex, UK . McKernan, J. (1991). he states that the classroom is an area which students are familiar with but within experiential learning they are often placed in a situation which challenges them and allows them to experience something new. The use of the outdoors Self-efficacy theory is a robust theory for explaining, understanding and applying self-talk in sport. Bandura (1997) proposed numerous sources for efficacious beliefs: previous performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological and affective states. Weinberg & Gould (2007) and Jarvis (2006) propose the idea that the psychological instinct theory is a concept of aggression that is based on the genetic pre-disposition of athletes to exhibit aggression behaviour. Jarvis, M. (2006) Sport Psychology: A Student's Handbook, Vol 10, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Jessica Ennis turns to Cathy In: Singer RN, Hausenblas HA, Janelle CM, editors. Handbook of sport psychology. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons;2001. p. 529-549. Feltz DL, Landers DM. The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance: A meta-analysis. In Smith D, Bar-Eli M, editors. Essential readings in sport and exercise psychology. According to Jarvis (2006, p.3), personality represents those characteristics of a person that account for consistent behavior patterns. He adds that there are four broad factors that influence how we respond to any given situation. Jarvis M, 2006. Sport Psychology: A Student's Handbook. Routledge. Karvonen MJ, Kentala E, Mustala O 1957. The Effects of Training Heart Rate: A Longitudinal Study. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae 35: 307-315. Kashihara K, Nakahara Y, 2005. Short-Term Effect of Physical Exercise at Lactate Threshold on Choice Reaction Time. Matt Jarvis currently holds a portfolio of professional roles. At Southampton University he co-ordinates and delivers the programme of Continuing Professional Development for Teachers of Psychology. Matt also inputs to the PGCE in Psychology at Sussex University. In addition Matt is the e-Learning Manager and Course Lead for Health & Social In the present study, it was assumed that a decrease in aggressive feelings is stronger with movements that are unlike aggressive actions compared with those that are similar to aggressive actions.